lodel2_mirror/leapi/lecrud.py

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

## @package leapi.lecrud
# @brief This package contains the abstract class representing Lodel Editorial components
#

import copy
import warnings
import importlib
import re

from EditorialModel.fieldtypes.generic import DatasConstructor
from Lodel.hooks import LodelHook

REL_SUP = 0
REL_SUB = 1

class LeApiErrors(Exception):
    ## @brief Instanciate a new exceptions handling multiple exceptions
    # @param msg str : Exception message
    # @param exceptions dict : A list of data check Exception with concerned field (or stuff) as key
    def __init__(self, msg = "Unknow error", exceptions = None):
        self._msg = msg
        self._exceptions = dict() if exceptions is None else exceptions

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self):
        msg = self._msg
        for obj, expt in self._exceptions.items():
            msg += "\n\t{expt_obj} : ({expt_name}) {expt_msg}; ".format(
                    expt_obj = obj,
                    expt_name=expt.__class__.__name__,
                    expt_msg=str(expt)
            )
        return msg


## @brief When an error concern a query
class LeApiQueryError(LeApiErrors): pass

## @brief When an error concerns a datas
class LeApiDataCheckError(LeApiErrors): pass
    

## @brief Main class to handler lodel editorial components (relations and objects)
class _LeCrud(object):
    ## @brief The datasource
    _datasource = None

    ## @brief abstract property to store the fieldtype representing the component identifier
    _uid_fieldtype = None #Will be a dict fieldname => fieldtype
    
    ## @brief will store all the fieldtypes (child classes handle it)
    _fieldtypes_all = None

    ## @brief Stores a regular expression to parse query filters strings
    _query_re = None
    ## @brief Stores Query filters operators
    _query_operators = ['=', '<=', '>=', '!=', '<', '>', ' in ', ' not in ', ' like ', ' not like ']

    
    ## @brief Asbtract constructor for every child classes
    # @param uid int : lodel_id if LeObject, id_relation if its a LeRelation
    # @param **kwargs : datas !
    # @throw NotImplementedError if trying to instanciate a class that cannot be instanciated
    def __init__(self, uid, **kwargs):
        if len(kwargs) > 0:
            if not self.implements_leobject() and not self.implements_lerelation():
                raise NotImplementedError("Abstract class !")
        # Try to get the name of the uid field (lodel_id for objects, id_relation for relations)
        try:
                uid_name = self.uidname()
        except NotImplementedError: #Should never append
            raise NotImplementedError("Abstract class ! You can only do partial instanciation on classes that have an uid name ! (LeObject & childs + LeRelation & childs)")
        
        # Checking uid value
        uid, err = self._uid_fieldtype[uid_name].check_data_value(uid)
        if isinstance(err, Exception):
            raise err
        setattr(self, uid_name, uid)
        if uid_name in kwargs:
            warnings.warn("When instanciating the uid was given in the uid argument but was also provided in kwargs. Droping the kwargs uid")
            del(kwargs[uid_name])
        
        # Populating the object with given datas
        errors = dict()
        for name, value in kwargs.items():
            if name not in self.fieldlist():
                errors[name] = AttributeError("No such field '%s' for %s"%(name, self.__class__.__name__))
            else:
                cvalue, err = self.fieldtypes()[name].check_data_value(value)
                if isinstance(err, Exception):
                    errors[name] = err
                else:
                    setattr(self, name, cvalue)
        if len(errors) > 0:
            raise LeApiDataCheckError("Invalid arguments given to constructor", errors)

        ## @brief A flag to indicate if the object was fully intanciated or not
        self._instanciation_complete = len(kwargs) + 1 == len(self.fieldlist())

    ## @brief Convert an EmType or EmClass name in a python class name
    # @param name str : The name
    # @return name.title()
    @staticmethod
    def name2classname(name):
        if not isinstance(name, str):
            raise AttributeError("Argument name should be a str and not a %s" % type(name))
        return name.title()

    ## @brief Convert an EmCalss and EmType name in a rel2type class name
    # @param class_name str : The name of concerned class
    # @param type_name str : The name of the concerned type
    # @param relation_name str : The name of the relation (the name of the rel2type field in the LeClass)
    # @return name.title()
    @staticmethod
    def name2rel2type(class_name, type_name, relation_name):
        cls_name = "Rel%s%s%s"%(_LeCrud.name2classname(class_name), _LeCrud.name2classname(type_name), relation_name.title())
        return cls_name

    ## @brief Given a dynamically generated class name return the corresponding python Class
    # @param name str : a concrete class name
    # @param cls
    # @return False if no such component
    @classmethod
    def name2class(cls, name):
        if not isinstance(name, str):
            raise ValueError("Expected name argument as a string but got %s instead"%(type(name)))
        mod = importlib.import_module(cls.__module__)
        try:
            return getattr(mod, name)
        except AttributeError:
            return False

    ## @return LeObject class
    @classmethod
    def leobject(cls):
        return cls.name2class('LeObject')

    ## @return A dict with key field name and value a fieldtype instance
    @classmethod
    def fieldtypes(cls):
        raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method") #child classes should return their uid fieldtype
    
    ## @return A dict with fieldtypes marked as internal
    # @todo check if this method is in use, else delete it
    @classmethod
    def fieldtypes_internal(self):
        return { fname: ft for fname, ft in cls.fieldtypes().items() if hasattr(ft, 'internal') and ft.internal }
    
    ## @return A list of field name
    @classmethod
    def fieldlist(cls):
        return list(cls.fieldtypes().keys())
    
    ## @return The name of the uniq id field
    # @todo test for abstract method !!!
    @classmethod
    def uidname(cls):
        raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method uid_name for %s!"%cls.__name__)
    
    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls implements LeType
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def implements_letype(cls):
        return hasattr(cls, '_leclass')

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls implements LeClass
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def implements_leclass(cls):
        return hasattr(cls, '_class_id')

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls implements LeObject
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def implements_leobject(cls):
        return hasattr(cls, '_me_uid')

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls is a LeType or an instance of LeType
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def is_letype(cls):
        return cls.implements_letype()

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls is a LeClass or an instance of LeClass
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def is_leclass(cls):
        return cls.implements_leclass() and not cls.implements_letype()

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls is a LeClass or an instance of LeClass
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def is_leobject(cls):
        return cls.implements_leobject() and not cls.implements_leclass()

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls implements LeRelation
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def implements_lerelation(cls):
        return hasattr(cls, '_superior_field_name')
    
    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls implements LeRel2Type
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def implements_lerel2type(cls):
        return hasattr(cls, '_rel_attr_fieldtypes')
    
    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls is a LeHierarch or an instance of LeHierarch
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def is_lehierarch(cls):
        return cls.implements_lerelation() and not cls.implements_lerel2type()

    ## @return maybe Bool: True if cls is a LeRel2Type or an instance of LeRel2Type
    # @param cls Class: a Class or instanciated object
    @classmethod
    def is_lerel2type(cls):
        return cls.implements_lerel2type()

    def uidget(self):
        return getattr(self, self.uidname())

    ## @brief Returns object datas
    # @param internal bool : If True return all datas including internal fields
    # @param lang str | None : if None return datas indexed with field name, else datas are indexed with field name translation
    # @return a dict of fieldname : value
    def datas(self, internal = True, lang = None):
        res = dict()
        for fname, ftt in self.fieldtypes().items():
            if (internal or (not internal and not ftt.is_internal)) and hasattr(self, fname):
                if lang is None:
                    res[fname] = getattr(self, fname)
                else:
                    res[self.ml_fields_strings[fname][lang]] = getattr(self, fname)
        return res

    ## @brief Indicates if an instance is complete
    # @return a bool
    def is_complete(self):
        return self._instanciation_complete

    ## @brief Populate the LeType wih datas from DB
    # @param field_list None|list : List of fieldname to fetch. If None fetch all the missing datas
    # @todo Add checks to forbid the use of this method on abtract classes (LeObject, LeClass, LeType, LeRel2Type, LeRelation etc...)
    def populate(self, field_list=None):
        if not self.is_complete():
            if field_list == None:
                field_list = [ fname for fname in self.fieldlist() if not hasattr(self, fname) ]
            filters = [self._id_filter()]
            rel_filters = []
            # Getting datas from db
            fdatas = self._datasource.select(self.__class__, field_list, filters, rel_filters)
            if fdatas is None or len(fdatas) == 0:
                raise LeApiQueryError("Error when trying to populate an object. For type %s id : %d"% (self.__class__.__name__, self.lodel_id))
            # Setting datas
            for fname, fval in fdatas[0].items():
                setattr(self, fname, fval)
            self._instanciation_complete = True
    
    ## @brief Return the corresponding instance
    #
    # @note this method is a kind of factory. Allowing to make a partial instance
    # of abstract types using only an uid and then fetching an complete instance of
    # the correct class
    # @return Corresponding populated LeObject
    def get_instance(self):
        if self.is_complete():
            return self
        uid_fname = self.uidname()
        qfilter = '{uid_fname} = {uid}'.format(uid_fname = uid_fname, uid = getattr(self, uid_fname))
        return leobject.get([qfilter])[0]
    
    ## @brief Update a component in DB
    # @param datas dict : If None use instance attributes to update de DB
    # @return True if success
    # @todo better error handling
    # @todo for check_data_consistency, datas must be populated to make update safe !
    def update(self, datas=None):
        kwargs = locals()
        del(kwargs['self'])
        kwargs = LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_update_pre', self, kwargs)
        ret = self.__update_unsafe(**kwargs)
        return ret

    ## @brief Unsafe, without hooks version of insert method
    # @see _LeCrud.update()
    def __update_unsafe(self, datas=None):
        if not self.is_complete():
            self.populate()
            warnings.warn("\nThis object %s is not complete and has been populated when update was called. This is very unsafe\n" % self)
        datas = self.datas(internal=False) if datas is None else datas
        upd_datas = self.prepare_datas(datas, complete = False, allow_internal = False)
        filters = [self._id_filter()]
        rel_filters = []
        ret = self._datasource.update(self.__class__, self.uidget(), **upd_datas)
        if ret == 1:
            return True
        else:
            #ERROR HANDLING
            return False
    
    ## @brief Delete a component
    # @return True if success
    # @todo better error handling
    def delete(self):
        LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_delete_pre', self, None)
        self._datasource.delete(self.__class__, self.uidget())
        return LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_delete_post', self, None)

    ## @brief Check that datas are valid for this type
    # @param datas dict : key == field name value are field values
    # @param complete bool : if True expect that datas provide values for all non internal fields
    # @param allow_internal bool : if True don't raise an error if a field is internal
    # @param cls
    # @return Checked datas
    # @throw LeApiDataCheckError if errors reported during check
    @classmethod
    def check_datas_value(cls, datas, complete = False, allow_internal = True):
        err_l = dict() #Stores errors
        correct = [] #Valid fields name
        mandatory = [] #mandatory fields name
        for fname, ftt in cls.fieldtypes().items():
            if allow_internal or not ftt.is_internal():
                correct.append(fname)
                if complete and not hasattr(ftt, 'default'):
                    mandatory.append(fname)
        mandatory = set(mandatory)
        correct = set(correct)
        provided = set(datas.keys())

        #searching unknow fields
        unknown = provided - correct
        for u_f in unknown:
            #here we can check if the field is unknown or rejected because it is internal
            err_l[u_f] = AttributeError("Unknown or unauthorized field '%s'"%u_f)
        #searching missings fields
        missings = mandatory - provided
        for miss_field in missings:
            err_l[miss_field] = AttributeError("The data for field '%s' is missing"%miss_field)
        #Checks datas
        checked_datas = dict()
        for name, value in [ (name, value) for name, value in datas.items() if name in correct ]:
            ft = cls.fieldtypes()
            ft = ft[name]
            r = ft.check_data_value(value)
            checked_datas[name], err = r
            #checked_datas[name], err = cls.fieldtypes()[name].check_data_value(value)
            if err:
                err_l[name] = err

        if len(err_l) > 0:
            raise LeApiDataCheckError("Error while checking datas", err_l)
        return checked_datas
    
    ## @brief Retrieve a collection of lodel editorial components
    #
    # @param query_filters list : list of string of query filters (or tuple (FIELD, OPERATOR, VALUE) ) see @ref leobject_filters
    # @param field_list list|None : list of string representing fields see @ref leobject_filters
    # @param order list : A list of field names or tuple (FIELDNAME, [ASC | DESC])
    # @param group list : A list of field names or tuple (FIELDNAME, [ASC | DESC])
    # @param limit int : The maximum number of returned results
    # @param offset int : offset
    # @param instanciate bool : If True return an instance, else return a dict
    # @param cls
    # @return A list of lodel editorial components instance
    # @todo think about LeObject and LeClass instanciation (partial instanciation, etc)
    @classmethod
    def get(cls, query_filters, field_list=None, order=None, group=None, limit=None, offset=0, instanciate=True):
        kwargs = locals()
        del(kwargs['cls'])
        kwargs = LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_get_pre', cls, kwargs)
        ret = cls.__get_unsafe(**kwargs)
        return LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_get_post', cls, ret)

    ## @brief Unsafe, without hooks version of get() method
    # @see _LeCrud.get()
    @classmethod
    def __get_unsafe(cls, query_filters, field_list=None, order=None, group=None, limit=None, offset=0, instanciate=True):

        if field_list is None or len(field_list) == 0:
            #default field_list
            field_list = cls.fieldlist()

        field_list = cls._prepare_field_list(field_list) #Can raise LeApiDataCheckError

        #preparing filters
        filters, relational_filters = cls._prepare_filters(query_filters)
        
        #preparing order
        if order:
            order = cls._prepare_order_fields(order)
            if isinstance(order, Exception):
                raise order #can be buffered and raised later, but _prepare_filters raise when fails

        #preparing groups
        if group:
            group = cls._prepare_order_fields(group)
            if isinstance(group, Exception):
                raise group # can also be buffered and raised later

        #checking limit and offset values
        if not (limit is None):
            if limit <= 0:
                raise ValueError("Invalid limit given : %d"%limit)
        if not (offset is None):
            if offset < 0:
                raise ValueError("Invalid offset given : %d"%offset)

        #Fetching editorial components from datasource
        results = cls._datasource.select(
                                            target_cls = cls,
                                            field_list = field_list,
                                            filters = filters,
                                            rel_filters = relational_filters,
                                            order=order,
                                            group=group,
                                            limit=limit,
                                            offset=offset,
                                            instanciate=instanciate
                                        )

        return results

    ## @brief Insert a new component
    # @param datas dict : The value of object we want to insert
    # @param classname str : The class name
    # @param cls
    # @return A new id if success else False
    @classmethod
    def insert(cls, datas, classname=None):
        kwargs = locals()
        del(kwargs['cls'])
        kwargs = LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_insert_pre', cls, kwargs)
        ret = cls.__insert_unsafe(**kwargs)
        return LodelHook.call_hook('leapi_insert_post', cls, ret)

    ## @brief Unsafe, without hooks version of insert() method
    # @see _LeCrud.insert()
    @classmethod
    def __insert_unsafe(cls, datas, classname=None):
        callcls = cls if classname is None else cls.name2class(classname)
        if not callcls:
            raise LeApiErrors("Error when inserting",{'error':ValueError("The class '%s' was not found"%classname)})
        if not callcls.implements_letype() and not callcls.implements_lerelation():
            raise ValueError("You can only insert relations and LeTypes objects but tying to insert a '%s'"%callcls.__name__)
        insert_datas = callcls.prepare_datas(datas, complete = True, allow_internal = False)
        return callcls._datasource.insert(callcls, **insert_datas)
    
    ## @brief Check and prepare datas
    # 
    # @warning when complete = False we are not able to make construct_datas() and _check_data_consistency()
    # 
    # @param datas dict : {fieldname : fieldvalue, ...}
    # @param complete bool : If True you MUST give all the datas
    # @param allow_internal : Wether or not interal fields are expected in datas
    # @param cls
    # @return Datas ready for use
    # @todo: complete is very unsafe, find a way to get rid of it
    @classmethod
    def prepare_datas(cls, datas, complete=False, allow_internal=True):
        if not complete:
            warnings.warn("\nActual implementation can make datas construction and consitency unsafe when datas are not complete\n")
        ret_datas = cls.check_datas_value(datas, complete, allow_internal)
        if isinstance(ret_datas, Exception):
            raise ret_datas

        if complete:
            ret_datas = cls._construct_datas(ret_datas)
            cls._check_datas_consistency(ret_datas)
        return ret_datas

    #-###################-#
    #   Private methods   #
    #-###################-#
    
    ## @brief Build a filter to select an object with a specific ID
    # @warning assert that the uid is not composed with multiple fieldtypes
    # @return A filter of the form tuple(UID, '=', self.UID)
    # @todo This method should not be private
    def _id_filter(self):
        id_name = self.uidname()
        return ( id_name, '=', getattr(self, id_name) )

    ## @brief Construct datas values
    #
    # @param cls
    # @param datas dict : Datas that have been returned by LeCrud.check_datas_value() methods
    # @return A new dict of datas
    @classmethod
    def _construct_datas(cls, datas):
        constructor = DatasConstructor(cls, datas, cls.fieldtypes())
        ret = {
                fname:constructor[fname]
                for fname, ftype in cls.fieldtypes().items()
                if not ftype.is_internal() or ftype.internal != 'autosql'
        }
        return ret

    ## @brief Check datas consistency
    # 
    # @warning assert that datas is complete
    # @param cls
    # @param datas dict : Datas that have been returned by LeCrud._construct_datas() method
    # @throw LeApiDataCheckError if fails
    @classmethod
    def _check_datas_consistency(cls, datas):
        err_l = []
        err_l = dict()
        for fname, ftype in cls.fieldtypes().items():
            ret = ftype.check_data_consistency(cls, fname, datas)
            if isinstance(ret, Exception):
                err_l[fname] = ret

        if len(err_l) > 0:
            raise LeApiDataCheckError("Datas consistency checks fails", err_l)
        

    ## @brief Prepare a field_list
    # @param cls
    # @param field_list list : List of string representing fields
    # @return A well formated field list
    # @throw LeApiDataCheckError if invalid field given
    @classmethod
    def _prepare_field_list(cls, field_list):
        err_l = dict()
        ret_field_list = list()
        for field in field_list:
            if cls._field_is_relational(field):
                ret = cls._prepare_relational_fields(field)
            else:
                ret = cls._check_field(field)

            if isinstance(ret, Exception):
                err_l[field] = ret
            else:
                ret_field_list.append(ret)

        if len(err_l) > 0:
            raise LeApiDataCheckError(err_l)
        return ret_field_list
     
    ## @brief Check that a relational field is valid
    # @param cls
    # @param field str : a relational field
    # @return a nature
    @classmethod
    def _prepare_relational_fields(cls, field):
        raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
    
    ## @brief Check that the field list only contains fields that are in the current class
    # @param cls
    # @param field : a field
    # @return None if no problem, else returns a list of exceptions that occurs during the check
    @classmethod
    def _check_field(cls, field):
        if field not in cls.fieldlist():
            return ValueError("No such field '%s' in %s"%(field, cls.__name__))
        return field
    
    ## @brief Prepare the order parameter for the get method
    # @note if an item in order_list is just a str it is considered as ASC by default
    # @param cls
    # @param order_field_list list : A list of field name or tuple (FIELDNAME, [ASC|DESC])
    # @return a list of tuple (FIELDNAME, [ASC|DESC] )
    @classmethod
    def _prepare_order_fields(cls, order_field_list):
        errors = dict()
        result = []
        for order_field in order_field_list:
            if not isinstance(order_field, tuple):
                order_field = (order_field, 'ASC')
            if len(order_field) != 2 or order_field[1].upper() not in ['ASC', 'DESC']:
                errors[order_field] = ValueError("Expected a string or a tuple with (FIELDNAME, ['ASC'|'DESC']) but got : %s"%order_field)
            else:
                ret = cls._check_field(order_field[0])
                if isinstance(ret, Exception):
                    errors[order_field] = ret
            order_field = (order_field[0], order_field[1].upper())
            result.append(order_field)
        if len(errors) > 0:
            return LeApiErrors("Errors when preparing ordering fields", errors)
        return result

    ## @brief Prepare filters for datasource
    # 
    # This method divide filters in two categories :
    #  - filters : standart FIELDNAME OP VALUE filter
    #  - relationnal_filters : filter on object relation RELATION_NATURE OP VALUE
    # 
    # Both categories of filters are represented in the same way, a tuple with 3 elements (NAME|NAT , OP, VALUE )
    # 
    # @param cls
    # @param filters_l list : This list can contain str "FIELDNAME OP VALUE" and tuples (FIELDNAME, OP, VALUE)
    # @return a tuple(FILTERS, RELATIONNAL_FILTERS
    #
    # @see @ref datasource_side
    @classmethod
    def _prepare_filters(cls, filters_l):
        filters = list()
        res_filters = list()
        rel_filters = list()
        err_l = dict()
        #Splitting in tuple if necessary
        for fil in filters_l:
            if len(fil) == 3 and not isinstance(fil, str):
                filters.append(tuple(fil))
            else:
                filters.append(cls._split_filter(fil))

        for field, operator, value in filters:
            if cls._field_is_relational(field):
                #Checks relational fields
                ret = cls._prepare_relational_fields(field)
                if isinstance(ret, Exception):
                    err_l[field] = ret
                else:
                    rel_filters.append((ret, operator, value))
            else:
                #Checks other fields
                ret = cls._check_field(field)
                if isinstance(ret, Exception):
                    err_l[field] = ret
                else:
                    res_filters.append((field,operator, value))
        
        if len(err_l) > 0:
            raise LeApiDataCheckError("Error while preparing filters : ", err_l)
        return (res_filters, rel_filters)


    ## @brief Check and split a query filter
    # @note The query_filter format is "FIELD OPERATOR VALUE"
    # @param query_filter str : A query_filter string
    # @param cls
    # @return a tuple (FIELD, OPERATOR, VALUE)
    @classmethod
    def _split_filter(cls, query_filter):
        if cls._query_re is None:
            cls._compile_query_re()

        matches = cls._query_re.match(query_filter)
        if not matches:
            raise ValueError("The query_filter '%s' seems to be invalid"%query_filter)

        result = (matches.group('field'), re.sub(r'\s', ' ', matches.group('operator'), count=0), matches.group('value').strip())
        for r in result:
            if len(r) == 0:
                raise ValueError("The query_filter '%s' seems to be invalid"%query_filter)
        return result

    ## @brief Compile the regex for query_filter processing
    # @note Set _LeObject._query_re
    @classmethod
    def _compile_query_re(cls):
        op_re_piece = '(?P<operator>(%s)'%cls._query_operators[0].replace(' ', '\s')
        for operator in cls._query_operators[1:]:
            op_re_piece += '|(%s)'%operator.replace(' ', '\s')
        op_re_piece += ')'
        cls._query_re = re.compile('^\s*(?P<field>(((superior)|(subordinate))\.)?[a-z_][a-z0-9\-_]*)\s*'+op_re_piece+'\s*(?P<value>[^<>=!].*)\s*$', flags=re.IGNORECASE)
        pass
    
    ## @brief Check if a field is relational or not
    # @param field str : the field to test
    # @return True if the field is relational else False
    @staticmethod
    def _field_is_relational(field):
        return field.startswith('superior.') or field.startswith('subordinate.')

## @page leobject_filters LeObject query filters
# The LeObject API provide methods that accept filters allowing the user
# to query the database and fetch LodelEditorialObjects.
#
# The LeObject API translate those filters for the datasource. 
# 
# @section api_user_side API user side filters
# Filters are string expressing a condition. The string composition
# is as follow : "<FIELD> <OPERATOR> <VALUE>"
# @subsection fpart FIELD
# @subsubsection standart fields
# Standart fields, represents a value of the LeObject for example "title", "lodel_id" etc.
# @subsubsection rfields relationnal fields
# relationnal fields, represents a relation with the object hierarchy. Those fields are composed as follow :
# "<RELATION>.<NATURE>".
#
# - Relation can takes two values : superiors or subordinates
# - Nature is a relation nature ( see EditorialModel.classtypes )
# Examples : "superiors.parent", "subordinates.translation" etc.
# @note The field_list arguement of leapi.leapi._LeObject.get() use the same syntax than the FIELD filter part 
# @subsection oppart OPERATOR
# The OPERATOR part of a filter is a comparison operator. There is
# - standart comparison operators : = , <, > , <=, >=, !=
# - vagueness string comparison 'like' and 'not like'
# - list operators : 'in' and 'not in'
# The list of allowed operators is sotred at leapi.leapi._LeObject._query_operators . 
# @subsection valpart VALUE
# The VALUE part of a filter is... just a value...
#
# @section datasource_side Datasource side filters
# As said above the API "translate" filters before forwarding them to the datasource. 
#
# The translation process transform filters in tuple composed of 3 elements
# ( @ref fpart , @ref oppart , @ref valpart ). Each element is a string.
#
# There is a special case for @ref rfields : the field element is a tuple composed with two elements
# ( RELATION, NATURE ) where NATURE is a string ( see EditorialModel.classtypes ) and RELATION is one of
# the defined constant : 
#
# - leapi.lecrud.REL_SUB for "subordinates"
# - leapi.lecrud.REL_SUP for "superiors"
#
# @note The filters translation process also check if given field are valids compared to the concerned letype and/or the leclass

## @page lecrud_instanciation LeCrud child classes instanciations
#
# _LeCrud provide a generic __init__ method for all its child classes. The following notes are
# important parts of the instanciation mechanism.
#
# The constructor takes 2 parameters : 
# - a uniq identifier (uid)
# - **kwargs for object datas
#
# @section lecrud_pi Partial instancation
#
# You can make partial instanciations by giving only parts of datas and even by giving only a uid
#
# @warning Partial instanciation needs an uid field name (lodel_id for LeObject and id_relation for LeRelation). This implies that you cannot make partial instance of a LeCrud.
#
# @subsection lecrud_pitools Partial instances tools
#
# The _LeCrud.is_complete() method indicates whether or not an instance is partial.
#
# The _LeCrud.populate() method fetch missing datas
#
# You partially instanciate an abtract class (like LeClass or LeRelation) using only a uid. Then you cannot populate this kind of instance (you cannot dinamically change the type of an instance). The _LeCrud.get_instance() method returns a populated instance with the good type.
#